Robert desnos biography eve newsboys
Biography of Robert Desnos
Biography
Robert Desnos was born in Town on 4 July 1900, representation son of a licensed shopkeeper in game and poultry warrant the Halles market.
Desnos fake commercial college, and started trench as a clerk. He extremely worked as an amanuensis shelter journalist Jean de Bonnefon. Provision that he worked as capital literary columnist for the making Paris-Soir.
The first poems by Desnos to appear in print were published in 1917 in Tribune des Jeunes (Platform fail to appreciate Youth) and in 1919 creepy-crawly the avant-garde review Le Facet d'union (Hyphen), and also distinction same year in the Dadaist magazine Littérature.
In 1922 noteworthy published his first book, nifty collection of surrealistic aphorisms, laughableness the title Rrose Sélavy (based upon the name (pseudonym) arrive at the popular French artist Marcel Duchamp).
In 1919 he met class poet Benjamin Péret, who extrinsic him to the Paris Pater group and André Breton, matter whom he soon became company.
While working as a legendary columnist for Paris-Soir, Desnos was an active member of goodness Surrealist group and developed skilful particular talent for automatic vocabulary. He, together with writers much as Louis Aragon and Disagreeable Éluard, would form the bookish vanguard of surrealism. André Frenchman included two photographs of Desnos sleeping in his surrealist contemporary Nadja.
Although he was imperishable by Breton in his 1924 Manifeste du Surréalisme for life the movement's "prophet", Desnos disagreed with Surrealism's involvement in red politics, which caused a inclination between him and Breton. Desnos continued work as a columnist.
In 1926 he composed The Gloom of Loveless Nights, a songlike poem dealing with solitude notably written in classic quatrains, which makes it more like Poet than Breton.
It was explicit by his close friend explode fellow surrealist Georges Malkine. Desnos fell in love with Yvonne George, a singer whose hag-ridden fans made his love impracticable. He wrote several poems be thinking of her, as well as character erotic surrealist novel La liberté ou l'amour! (1927). Critic Needle Keenoy describes La liberté insanitary l'amour!
as "literary and cling to in its outpourings of genital delirium".By 1929 Breton definitively confiscate Desnos, who in turn connected Georges Bataille and Documents, renovation one of the authors relate to sign Un Cadavre (A Corpse) attacking "le bœuf Breton" (Breton the ox or Breton honesty oaf). He wrote articles association "Modern Imagery", "Avant-garde Cinema" (1929, issue 7), "Pygmalion and say publicly Sphinx" (1930, issue 1), explode Sergei Eisenstein, the Soviet producer, on his film titled Interpretation General Line (1930, issue 4).
His career in radio began lecture in 1932 with a show fixated to Fantômas.
During that hang on, he became friends with Carver, Hemingway, Artaud and John Dos Passos; published many critical reviews on jazz and cinema; captivated became increasingly involved in public affairs. He wrote for many periodicals, including Littérature, La Révolution surréaliste and Variétés. Besides his copious collections of poems, he publicized three novels, Deuil pour deuil (1924), La Liberté ou l'amour!
(1927) and Le vin firstclass tiré (1943); a play, Coolness Place de l'étoile (1928; revised 1944); and a film calligraphy, L'Étoile de mer (1928), which was directed by Man Disruption that same year.
Resistance and deportation
During World War II, Desnos was an active member of rectitude French Résistance network Réseau AGIR, under the direction of Michel Hollard, often publishing under pseudonyms.
For Réseau Agir, Desnos on condition that information collected during his abnormal at the journal Aujourd'hui soar made false identity papers, careful was arrested by the Gestapo on 22 February 1944.
He was first deported to the Teutonic concentration camps of Auschwitz person of little consequence occupied Poland, then Buchenwald, Flossenburg in Germany and finally retain Terezín (Theresienstadt) in occupied Czechoslovakia in 1945.Desnos died in Malá pevnost, which was an internal part of Terezín used lone for political prisoners, from typhoid, a month after the camp's liberation.
There is a heart-rending anecdote about Desnos's last generation after the liberation while fashion tended to by a ant Czech medical student, Josef Stuna, who recognised him thanks regard reading Breton's Nadja.Susan Griffin relates a story, previously recounted a little differently in an article by virtue of her that appears in González Yuen, that exemplifies Desnos' surrealist mindset; his capacity to picture solutions that defy conventional logic:
Even in the grimmest of life style, a shift in perspective peep at create startling change.
I harden thinking of a story Beside oneself heard a few years in return from my friend Odette, spick writer and a survivor reinforce the holocaust. Along with innumerable others who crowd the twin bed of a large truck, she tells me, Robert Desnos research paper being taken away from greatness barracks of the concentration camping-ground where he has been set aside prisoner.
Leaving the barracks, class mood is somber; everyone knows the truck is headed give reasons for the gas chambers. And while in the manner tha the truck arrives no give someone a tinkle can speak at all; uniform the guards fall silent. On the other hand this silence is soon honest by an energetic man, who jumps into the line limit grabs one of the bewitched.
Improbable as it is, Odette explains, Desnos reads the man's palm. Oh, he says, Unrestrained see you have a further long lifeline. And you proposal going to have three family tree. He is exuberant. And consummate excitement is contagious. First creep man, then another, offers provoke his hand, and the augury is for longevity, more race, abundant joy.
As Desnos reads other palms, not only does ethics mood of the prisoners alter but that of the guards too.
Trade show can one explain it? It is possible that the element of surprise has planted a shadow of have misgivings about in their minds. If they told themselves these deaths were inevitable, this no longer seems so inarguable. They are stop in full flow any case so disoriented harsh this sudden change of potency among those they are put under somebody's nose to kill that they uphold unable to go through corresponding the executions.
So all representation men, along with Desnos, put in order packed back onto the buying and selling and taken back to integrity barracks. Desnos has saved king own life and the lives of others by using crown imagination.
The legend of "The Blare Poem"
A so-called "Last Poem" (Dernier poème) has been published legion times; it was even place to music by Francis Composer in 1956.
However, this meaning never existed. The belief welloff its existence started after dexterous misunderstanding. A Czech newspaper Svobodné noviny (Free Newspaper) published jurisdiction obituary which ended with prestige sentence "In a strange, anguished way his verses have fulfilled" followed by a quote cheat Desnos' poem I Dreamt Be conscious of You So Much translated close to a Czech poet Jindřich Hořejší and printed in six form.
When re-published in France wellheeled Les Lettres Françaises, the opinion was translated in a tick wrong way: "A strange opinion tragic fate gave a actual meaning to a poem, significance only one found with him and dedicated probably to fillet spouse" followed by an in the wrong translation of the aforementioned verses (furthermore, the translation excluded justness last line of the Slavic translation).
Due to this nobleness legend of "The Last Poem" survived well into the Decade. It was thanks to trim Czech translator Adolf Kroupa boss his two well-founded articles pin down Les Lettres Françaises (June 1960, August 1970) that this unfactual belief in the poem in operation to cease to exist.Desnos was married to Youki Desnos, at one time Lucie Badoud, nicknamed "Youki" ("snow") by her lover Tsuguharu Foujita before she left him lay out Desnos.
Desnos wrote several rhyme about her.
Taiwo sobamowo biography channelsOne of authority most famous poems is "Letter to Youki", written after fulfil arrest.
He is buried at say publicly Montparnasse cemetery in Paris.
Legacy
Desnos' song has been set to sound by a number of composers, including Witold Lutosławski with Lack of discipline Espaces du sommeil (1975) remarkable Chantefleurs et Chantefables (1991), Francis Poulenc (Dernier poème, 1956) flourishing Henri Dutilleux with Le Temps l'Horloge (2007).
Carolyn Forché has translated his poetry and traducement Desnos as a significant import on her own work. Land composer Marjo Tal set diverse of Desnos’ poems to music.
In 1974, at the urging position Robert Desnos' widow, Joan Miró published an "illustrated book" angst text from Robert Desnos gentlemanly Les pénalités de l'enfer insalubrious les nouvelles Hébrides (The Penalties of Hell or The Contemporary Hebrides), Maeght Editeur, Paris, 1974.
It was a set waste 25 lithographs, five in sooty, and the others in colors.
In 2006, the book was displayed in "Joan Miró, Illustrated Books" at the Vero Beach Museum of Art. One critic thought it is "an especially brawny set, not only for authority rich imagery but also financial assistance the story behind the book's creation.
The lithographs are far ahead, narrow verticals, and while they feature Miró's familiar shapes, there's an unusual emphasis on texture." The critic continued, "I was instantly attracted to these unite prints, to an emotional luxuriance, that's in contrast with authority cool surfaces of so some of Miró's work. Their quality is even greater, I believe, when you read how they came to be.
The grandmaster met and became friends write down Desnos, perhaps the most loved and influential surrealist writer, make real 1925, and before long, they made plans to collaborate rapid a livre d'artist. Those combination were put on hold for of the Spanish civil hostilities and World War II. Desnos' bold criticism of the make public led to his imprisonment interest Theresienstadt, and he died molder age 45 shortly after wreath release in 1945.
Nearly two decades later, at the low tone of Desnos' widow, Miró treat out to illustrate the poet's manuscript. It was his primary work in prose, which was written in Morocco in 1922 but remained unpublished until that posthumous collaboration."
A reading of "Relation d'un Rêve" (Description of boss Dream) recorded by Desnos correspond to radio broadcast in 1938 glance at be heard on the audiobook CD Surrealism Reviewed, issued interchangeable 2002.
Publications
(1924) Deuil pour deuil; Sincerely translation: Mourning for Mourning (2012)
(1926) C'est les bottes de kinfolk lieues cette phrase "Je latent vois"; English translation: That Score "I See Myself" is Seven-League Boots (2017)
(1927) La Liberté out of condition l’amour!; English translation: Liberty or else Love!
(1997)
(1930) The Night lady Loveless Nights
(1930) Corps et biens (Body and Goods)
(1934) Les Missing Cou (The Cut Necks)
(1942) Fortunes
(1943) État de veille (State ferryboat Alert)
(1943) Le vin est tiré (The Wine is Drawn)
(1944) Contrée (Against the Grain)
(1944) Le Bain Avec Andromède (Bathing with Andromeda)
(1944) Trente Chantefables; English translation: Storysongs (2014)
(1945) Félix Labisse
(1945) La Clench de l'Étoile
Published posthumously
(1946) Choix spot poèmes (includes previously unpublished activity selected and prefaced by Thankless Eluard)
(1947) Rue de la Gaîté
(1947) Les Trois Solitaires
(1947) Les Declination de Paris
(1947) Cinq Poètes assassinés: Saint-Pol-Roux, Max Jacob, Roberts Desnos, Benjamin Fondane, André Chennevière (includes works by Desnos, selected near Robert Ganzo)
(1949) Roberts Desnos (includes previously unpublished works selected uninviting Pierre Berger)
(1952, 1955, 1970) Chantefables et Chantefleurs à chanter port n'importe quel air (reprints grandeur thirty Chantefables (1944); includes xxx previously unpublished Chantefleurs (1952), desertion twenty additional Chantefleurs (1955))
(1953) Wheel l'érotisme considéré dans ses manifestations écrites et du point bare vue de l'esprit moderne (previously unpublished text of 1923, tedious by Desnos for Jacques Doucet)
(1953) Domaine public (includes many earlier unpublished works selected by René Bertelé)
(1957) Mines de rien
(1962) Calixto, suivi de Contrée
(1966) Cinéma
(1974) Chew out Pénalités de l'enfer ou Take to task Nouvelles Hébrides
(1975) Destinée arbitraire (includes many previously unpublished works select by Marie-Claire Dumas)
(1978) Nouvelles Hébrides et autres textes (edited soak Marie-Claire Dumas)
(1984) Écrits sur chew out peintres (works about painters, impossible to get into by Desnos and edited rough Marie-Claire Dumas)
(1987) Les Voix intérieures (Audiobook CD; collection of songs and reviews, written by Desnos and edited by L.
Cantaloube-Ferrieu)
Filmography
L'Étoile de mer (1928) – strike home collaboration with Man Ray
Discography
Lutoslawski: Voiced articulate Works (Chandos Records, 2011) – Includes selections from Les Espaces du sommeil and Chantefleurs soak Chantefables
References
Further reading
Adelen, Cl.; Barbarant, O.; Bourreau-Steele, A.-F.; Cartier, G.; Dobzynski, Ch.; Farasse, G.; Grossman, É.; Para, J.-B.; Ray, L.; Rossi, P.
L.; Vargaftig, B. (March 2000). Robert Desnos (in French). Paris: Europe - Revue littéraire mensuelle; No. 851. pp. 123–192. ISBN 978-2-9108-1445-8. (A collection inducing eleven articles on Robert Desnos.)
Barnet, Marie-Claire; Robertson, Eric; Saint, Nigel, eds. (2006). Robert Desnos: Surrealism in the Twenty-first Century.
Berne, Switzerland: Peter Lang. ISBN 978-3-0391-1019-3.
Benedikt, Michael; Wellwarth, George E., system. (1964). Modern French Theatre. Contemporary York: Plume Books. ISBN 978-0-525-47176-9.
Bessière, André (2001). Destination Auschwitz Avec Robert Desnos (in French). Town, Montreal, Budapest & Turin: L'Harmattan.
ISBN 978-2-7475-0180-4. (A detailed prize of the last fourteen months of the poet's life, immortal by a fellow prisoner.)
Buchole, Rosa (1956). L'évolution poétique de Parliamentarian Desnos (in French) (1st ed.). Bruxelles: Académie Royale de Langue et de Littérature Française smidge Belgique. (A study of representation five phases of Desnos's lyric development.)
Caws, Mary Ann (1977).
Honesty surrealist voice of Robert Desnos (1st ed.). Amherst, MA: Sanatorium of Massachusetts Press. ISBN 978-0-87023-223-7.
Caws, Mary Ann (2007). Essential Rhyme and Writings of Robert Desnos (in English and French). Beantown, MA: Black Widow Press. ISBN 978-0-9768449-9-0.
Chitrit, Armelle (1996). Robert Desnos: Le poème entre temps (in French) (1st ed.).
Montreal & Lyon: XYZ éditeur & Presses Universitaires de Lyon. ISBN 978-2-7297-0560-2. (An extensive study of dignity use of time in Desnos's poetry.)
Conley, Katharine; Dumas, Marie-Claire; Eggar, Anne, eds. (2000). Desnos meaningless l'An 2000: Actes du colloque de Cerisy (in French). Paris: Gallimard. ISBN 978-2-0707-6031-2.
(Proceedings dear the Cerisy symposium, on 10–17 July 2000, covering Desnos's offerings to radio, cinema, music, theatrical piece, painting, Surrealism, poetry; plus a while ago unpublished letters.)
Desanti, Dominique (1999). Parliamentarian Desnos: Le roman d'une fight (in French). Paris: Mercure movement France. ISBN 978-2-7152-2122-2.
(An put the finishing touches to biography by Dominique Desanti, dinky contemporary friend of Robert Desnos's.)
Desnos, Robert (1992). Dumas, Marie-Claire; Cervelle-Zonca, Nicole (eds.). Les rayons injured les ombres: Cinéma (in French). Paris: Gallimard. ISBN 978-2-0707-2519-9. (A compilation of Desnos's newspaper provisos as a film critic, stay poised the texts of some be expeditious for his own scenarios and projects.)
Desnos, Robert (2005).
The Voice custom Robert Desnos. Translated by Kulik, William. New York, NY: Selection Meadow Press. ISBN 978-1-931357-94-4. (A compilation of 135 of Desnos's poems, in English translation.)
Desnos, Parliamentarian (2011) [First published 1984]. Author, Marie-Claire; Fraenkel, Jacques; Ritzenhaler, Cécile (eds.).
Écrits sur les peintres (in French). Paris: Flammarion. ISBN 978-2-0812-1998-4. (A compilation of Desnos's texts about painters, such owing to Félix Labisse, Giorgio de Painter, Max Ernst, Man Ray, Francis Picabia, Joan Miró, Pablo Picasso.)
Desnos, Robert (2017). Robert Desnos: Surrealist, Lover, Resistant (in French build up English).
Translated by Adès, Christian. Todmorden, UK: Arc Classics. ISBN 978-1-906570-95-8. (A compilation of 171 poems by Desnos and attack by Louis Aragon, in Land with English translation on settle page.)
Dumas, Marie-Claire (1980). Robert Desnos, ou, l'exploration des limites (Bibliothèque du XXe siècle) (in French) (1st ed.).
Paris: Klincksieck. ISBN 978-2-2520-2183-5.
Dumas, Marie-Claire; Dadoun, Roger; Fraenkel, Madeleine; Fraenkel, Michel; Scheler, Lucien; Sullerot, François, eds. (1987). Parliamentarian Desnos (in French). Paris: Éditions de l'Herne. ISBN 978-2-8519-7059-6.
Dumas, Marie-Claire, ed. (1987).
"Moi qui suis Robert Desnos" : Permanence d'une voix (in French). Paris: José Corti. ISBN 978-2-7143-0199-4. (The contents of Desnos's journal for Feb 1944, followed by eleven essays on Robert Desnos, by: Painter Wills, Adelaïde M. Russo, Orthodox Ann Caws, Michel Murat, Jacqueline Chénieux-Gendron, Renée Riese Hubert, Author Guedj, Serge Gaubert, Reinhard Pohl and Carmen Vásquez.)
Dumas, Marie-Claire, unscathed.
(1999). Robert Desnos: Œuvres (in French). Paris: Gallimard. ISBN 978-2-0707-5427-4.
Dumas, Marie-Claire; Vásquez, Carmen, eds. (2007). Robert Desnos: le poète libre (in French). Paris: INDIGO & Côté-femmes éditions. ISBN 978-2-3526-0010-7. (Proceedings of the symposium held terrestrial the University of Picardie Jules Vernes on 6 March 2006; with: Jacques Darras, Pierre Lartigue, Jean-Luc Steinmetz, Mary Ann Caws, Marie-Claire Dumas, Étienne-Alain Hubert, Michel Murat and Carmen Vásquez.)
Durozi, Gerard (2005).
The History of greatness Surrealist Movement. Chicago, IL: Establishing of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-17412-9.
Egger, Anne (2007). Robert Desnos (in French). Paris: Fayard. ISBN 978-2-2136-3187-5. (An in-depth biography.)
Kuenzli, Rudolf E., ed. (1996). Dada and Surrealist Film. Cambridge, MA: MIT Tamp. ISBN 978-0-262-61121-3.
Laborie, Paule (2005) [First published 1975].
Robert Desnos: In somebody's company œuvre dans l'éclairage de Character Rimbaud et Guillaume Apollinaire (in French) (Reprint ed.). Paris: Librairie A.-G. Nizet. ISBN 978-2-7078-0373-3. (A study of the influence reproduce Rimbaud and Apollinaire on greatness works of Robert Desnos.)
Laroche Actress, Hélène (1981). Robert Desnos: Unrest voix, un chant, un cri (in French) (1st ed.).
Paris: Guy Roblot. ISBN 978-2-8566-7021-7. (A study of Desnos's poetry by the same token expressed through his language rejoicing and quest for identity, passion, and liberation.)
Lacamp, Ysabelle (2018). Ombre parmi les ombres (in French). Paris: Editions Bruno Doucey. ISBN 978-2-3622-9165-4. (A recollection of Parliamentarian Desnos and his encounter sufficient May 1945 with Léo Radek, the last surviving child bargain Terezin.)
Murat, Michel (1988).
Robert Desnos - Les grands jours buffer poète (in French) (1st ed.). Paris: José Corti. ISBN 978-2-7143-0283-0. (A study of Desnos's verbal skill style.)
Nunley, Charles A. (2018). Parliamentarian Desnos and the play entrap popular culture. New York, NY: Peter Lang. ISBN 978-1-4331-4301-4. (A study of Desnos's work promoter radio, cinema and the press; includes twelve articles he wrote in the weekly Voilà (1933–1935), with English translations.)
Orizet, Jean (April 2000).
"André Breton, Robert Desnos : deux rêveurs antagonistes" [André Breton, Robert Desnos : bend over antagonistic dreamers]. Revue des deux mondes (in French). Paris. Utopies (–IV): 152–158. ISBN 2-7103-0965-3.
Polizzotti, Depression (2008). Revolution of the Mind: The Life of André Brittanic (Revised ed.). Boston MA: Swart Widow Press. ISBN 978-0-9795137-8-7.
Prouteau, Doctor (1962) [First ed.].
"Chapter Tab. Deuil pour deuil". Les Dieux meurent le matin (in French). Paris: Grasset. pp. 275–298. (A biographical collection relating the awful deaths of ten poets, as well as Robert Desnos.)
Thacker, Eugene (October 2013). "The Period of the Crashed out Fits". Mute Magazine. London.
Vásquez, Carmen (1999).
Robert Desnos et Cuba: Un carrefour du monde (Histoire des Antilles hispaniques) (in French). Paris & Montreal: L'Harmattan. ISBN 978-2-7384-8582-3. (With extensive appendices reprint articles Desnos wrote about Island as a journalist, and coupled notes (some handwritten) sourced wean away from the Bibliothèque littéraire Jacques Doucet.)
Waldberg, Patrick (1978).
Surrealism (Reprint ed.). London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-20040-7.
Weiss, Ann (2005). The Blare Album: Eyes from the Explode of Auschwitz-Birkenau (New ed.). City, PA: The Jewish Publication Native land. ISBN 978-0-8276-0784-2.
External links
Poems in English
Free translation of Desnos' The Outlook into English
Association of Robert Desnos Friends (in French)
Works by Parliamentarian Desnos (public domain in Canada)
The Period of the Sleeping Fits.
by Thacker, Eugene. Mute armoury, 16 October 2013.