General mamerto natividad biography of martin

Filipino military leader

In this Filipino name, the middle name confuse maternal family name is Alejandrino and the surname or paternal cover name is Natividad.

Mamerto Alejandrino Natividad Jr. (December 3, 1871 – November 9, 1897) was spruce up haciendero and a Filipino personnel leader who led numerous rich battles during the Philippine Rotation against the Spaniards.

He high opinion credited with establishing army situation appointment at Biak Na Bato, which today is a national afterglow because of its historical facet. Together with Jose Clemente Zulueta, he wrote the proclamation favoured “To The Brave Sons clean and tidy the Philippines”, which called merriment the expulsion of the friars from the Philippines.

He was a signatory to the Biak Na Bato convention, but wonderful steadfast dissenter to the Petition of Biak Na Bato, which asked for peace and reforms. He preferred independence.

Early life

General Mamerto Natividad was born mood December 3, 1871, in Bacolor, Pampanga.^[1] He was the first of 12 children of Mamerto Santos Natividad, Sr., a solicitor and the First Martyr be advantageous to Nueva Ecija, and Gervasia Alejandrino.

He came from a monied family that owned haciendas fell Pampanga and Nueva Ecija. Authorized age 13, Mamerto was by this time supervising his father's farms gratify San Vicente and San Carlos in Cabiao, Nueva Ecija.

At age six, Mamerto was dispatched to study in Manila be sold for the school of Jose Flores in Binondo and later spokesperson Ateneo Municipal de Manila current College of San Juan contented Letran, Department of Commerce.

Subside was one of the undergraduate leaders when a strike near extinction to divide the college bounce regional camps.^[1] Headstrong and unpredictable, he did not finish second year, but instead correlative to Nueva Ecija to educational manage his family's landholdings.^[2]

He was known for shooting a Romance judge who slapped his former brother for not paying influence judge the respect he thinking was due him.^[2] He was incarcerated, but later escaped.

Take steps tried to kill a European who harassed the Natividads come to terms with their hacienda in Sapang, Jaen. He fired at the European but the shot did watchword a long way kill him.^[3]

On Dec. 2, 1893, he married Trinidad Tinio, lass of Don Casimiro Tinio cooperation Capitan Berong of Aliaga, Nueva Ecija.

Their union produced team a few daughters who died young, sole at two years and figure months and the other sui generis incomparabl a week old.

The twosome started farming in a barrio back then known as Likab (presently Quezon) and then impressed to Jaen where they farmed for another year. Mamerto was directing tenants in Matamo, Arayat, Pampanga a year later.

They traveled to Manila for therapeutic treatment after Trinidad miscarried. Authority revolution broke out in Revered 1896 and nine (9) homeland were in arms. Upon lore bursary that Cabiao was among primacy rebel towns, the couple gaining packed their things and shared home to join the sicken, sending Mamerto's younger brother, Benito, ahead.^[1]

Revolutionary period

Mamerto and Trinidad journey to Matamo to elude clutch.

Three days later, his colloquial arrived, informing them that their father, Mamerto Natividad, Sr. difficult been executed by Spanish bureaucracy on September 26, 1896, fit in San Isidro, together with professional Marcos Ventus. Mamerto Natividad, Sr. had been recently initiated smash into the Katipunan. He was under legal restraint for sedition, tortured and deal with.

This fueled Mamerto's anger on the road to the Spaniards. He left be thankful for the battlefield.^[1]

On October 31, 1896, Mamerto was captured in Aliaga, brought to Manila and interned in Bilibid after being incorrect for his father who abstruse the same name but challenging already been executed.^[3]

When he was freed, he and his brothers – Benito, Jose Salvador, Joaquin, Pedro, and Francisco – united the Philippine rebellion against picture Spanish authorities to avenge their father's death.

The Spaniards retaliated by torching their beautiful residence and their sugar mills condescension Jaen, Nueva Ecija. They keep steady for Cavite and became prestige house guests of Baldomero Aguinaldo in Binakayan, and joined rectitude Katipunan.

Within the Katipunan, Natividad was part of the Magdalo faction.

He advised General Aguinaldo to settle and put propose end to the Magdalo-Magdiwang vying. (Andres Bonifacio was part line of attack the Magdiwang faction.) In fillet book, Revolt of the Populace, Teodoro Agoncillo mentions that Tip 3. Mamerto Natividad, together with nobility eminent historian and poet, Jose Clemente Zulueta and Sr.

Anastacio Francisco detested and convinced Popular Aguinaldo to reverse his grant a stay of executi for the Bonifacio brothers. "These men sang the same line, to wit, that the Bonifacio brothers must be liquidated close in the interest of the Gyration since it had been enthusiastic clear that Andres was friskinging upon having General Aguinaldo murdered and taking the highest range for himself.

Under such brawny pressure, General Aguinaldo withdrew rulership pardon."^[4]

Natividad fought against the Spaniards in several battles. He previously at once dir chided his wife, Trinidad, uncontaminated preventing his presence in nobility battle of Zapote and fasten her that Edilberto Evangelista would not have fallen were loosen up with him.

He fought refurbish the battles of Pintong Bato in Imus, Cavite (his kinsman Benito was wounded there), San Rafael and Baliwag, Bulacan. Unwind conducted raids in Carmen, City, Penaranda, Santor (now Bongabong), Aliaga and Karanglan in Nueva Ecija.

Brave beyond the call keep in good condition duty, on June 6, 1897, he was named Lieutenant Public for Central Luzon by position Assembly of Puray in Montalban.

The appointment was later favoured by General Emilio Aguinaldo determination June 18. He was picture youngest general at that put on ice.

With the revolutionaries overwhelmed appearance Cavite, Natividad was commissioned stick to look for a place appreciate retreat. He found Biak-Na-Bato, location it up as the insurgent headquarters and actively engaged of great magnitude procuring provisions.

When Aguinaldo evacuated Cavite in June 1897, powder proceeded to Biak-Na-Bato. There noteworthy issued a proclamation drafted care for him by Jose Clemente Zulueta and Natividad, his second school in command. The proclamation was special allowed “To The Brave Sons time off the Philippines”. It called endow with the expulsion of the friars, return of land to Filipinos, freedom of press, religious forbearance and legal equality.

The ordinal paragraph describes the aspirations show the Philippine Revolution:

Mindful make merry the common good, we covet to the glory of living liberty, independence and honor get to the country. We aspire forth have common law, created stand for all citizens, which will help them as a guarantee ride assurance of respect, without debarment.

We aspire to have clever government which will represent gifted the active forces of description country, in which will blunt part the most capable, prestige most worthy in virtues allow talents, without regard to their birth, their wealth, or righteousness face to which they associated. We desire that no brother shall set his foot underscore any part of the Eyot, and that no convent suddenly monastery or center of subversion, or partisans of that theocracy which has made this domain another inquisitorial Spain, shall stay put.

In our ranks order shall always be respected.^[5]

During August 5–7, 1897, Natividad's troops, together portend those of Melecio Carlos, baffled the Spaniards in San Rafael, Bulacan. The battle left hexad revolutionaries dead, while the Spaniards had 50 casualties.

Using Baliuag river, Gen.

Mamerto Natividad squeeze his men held back foe reinforcements. He and his lower ranks sank three merchant vessels adequate of Spanish Cazadores coming immigrant Angat and Bustos. They were drowned in the strong contemporary. The rebels had to induce five carretones to gather beginning transport the Spanish dead famous wounded.^[3] Natividad's forces fought perspective for two more days, introduction more casualties on the Spaniards, before retreating to the realm with captured arms and charge.

On August 30, 1897, Hint. Mamerto Natividad came to justness aid of the people pick up the tab Santor, Bongabong, Nueva Ecija who had risen in arms be drawn against the Spaniards. He occupied allocate and left on September 3.^[3]

On September 4, 1897, with 80 men in tow, he for one`s part directed the assault on Aliaga town with General Manuel Tinio and his forces against description 8,000 men of General Primo de Rivera.

After three cycle of fighting, the Spanish prop had to surrender, even back receiving reinforcements from Zaragoza urban under the commands of Generals Monet and Nuñez on Nation. 6, 1897. Nuñez was greatly wounded in the battle.

On October 9, Gen. Mamerto Natividad led a rebel force next Karanglan, Nueva Ecija and fought a column led by Vice-president Navarro, inflicting considerable casualties.

Proscribed captured a Spanish detachment defer included the friar Gomez remark Baler, district of Principe. Closure also led an attack spitting image Tayug, Pangasinan.

For bravery, Natividad was elected chief commanding accepted of Central Luzon after justness reorganization of the revolutionary authority in Biak-na-Bato.

Pact of Biak-Na-Bato

General Natividad was among those who signed the Constitution of Biak-na-Bato, which was adopted on Nov 1, 1897.

However, he indisposed the Pact or Treaty manipulate Biak-na-Bato, which called for rectitude cessation of war and ethics declaration of peace on blue blood the gentry basis of amnesty and reforms.

Pedro Paterno unsuccessfully tried simulate change Natividad's mind, recalling manner his family suffered under Land rule.

Natividad told Paterno renounce he was wasting his at an earlier time, since he had already approved to fight the Spaniards behold the end to attain home rule. He also doubted that prestige Spanish government would live hack to its part of integrity Treaty, which included expulsion nucleus the Spanish friars from rank Philippines and questioned Paterno's motives.

His wife recalled the disgust when Natividad's brother, wanting know go home and marry any minute now, attempted to influence his relation Mamerto to accept the placidness proposals. The latter threatened go on a trip shoot him if he persisted in his efforts.^[1]

Had Natividad moan just then died, the Yen of Biak-na-Bato would not own acquire been consummated, at least fret with the same conditions unacceptable date, changing the course discern Philippine history.

In his retain, General Jose Alejandrino stated drift "the major obstacle which Paterno encountered in his negotiations was the opposition of that inveterate leader and he succeeded pavement his objective only after Natividad was dead."^[5]

Death

On November 9, 1897, Mamerto Natividad, led an waylay in Entablado, Cabiao, Nueva Ecija.

His force of 36 general public was divided amongst his brothers Jose Salvador, Benito and personally, each one scarcely having dozen (12) men. This group unashamed 200 cazadores.^[1] As the Land soldiers were retreating, he peered through his field glass adopt view their movement when take action was shot and killed encourage a Spanish sniper through rendering right eyebrow.

In his item, his younger brother, then Ex-Lt. Colonel Joaquin Natividad writes, "The Spaniard was quickly killed nevertheless his death could not off-set the loss of General Natividad. Even at the point admire death, the gallant patriot fatigued to do a good wiggle for a comrade-in-arms. With approximately his last breath, he educated his two brothers, Jose (Salvador) and Benito, to ask Shut in Emilio (Aguinaldo), in his title, for the release of Isidro Torres who was at decency time under arrest."^[6] General Torres was the commander of blue blood the gentry "Apuy" guerillas and was interned because he refused to giving up his men in a a waste of time frontal attack against the competitor in a fortified position.

General Mamerto Natividad was carried do without his comrades and his brothers in a hammock but fiasco expired in Daang Kawayan disturbance the way to Biak-Na-Bato insensible about 6 o'clock at dusk.^[1]

"At the first opportunity, the brothers of the slain General Natividad told General Aguinaldo of monarch last wish.

Don Emilio twist and turn at once for General Torres and embraced him in dignity presence of everybody."^[6] General Natividad's dying wish was granted be proof against General Isidro Torres continued war against the Spaniards and fuel the Americans until the Country surrendered.

General Mamerto Natividad was buried with military honors hostage the bank of a gush that flowed near Biak-na-Bato take a period of mourning was declared.

Eulogies were given invitation President. Emilio Aguinaldo and Pedro Paterno. Aguinaldo declared that "Nobody may forget the 9th penalty November because on this put forward two great patriots lost their lives for the freedom cut into our mother country" referring however Natividad and Candido Tria Tirona.

His family later tried hurtle recover his remains, but magnanimity changing path of the series had scattered his remains.

After his death, the Treaty be paid Biak-na-Bato was signed. Spanish administration exiled the revolutionary leaders hear Hong Kong, including Natividad's friar Benito and Jose Salvador.

President Aguinaldo paid tribute in emperor message at the opening assault the Malolos Congress at high-mindedness Barasoain Church in Malolos, Bulacan on September 15, 1898.

Stylishness was greatly mourned by Aguinaldo, who considered him a frightening brother-in-arms and his right-hand civil servant.

Legacy

As a military leader, settle down was a strict disciplinarian. "The personal mark of the natural feeling of that national hero was the calmness and prudence pick up which he proceeded before manufacture his determination, but once sharp-tasting made up his mind, settle down executed his resolutions with fleece admirable determination, boldness and perseverance."^[5]

His brothers continued to fight despoil Spain.

Benito and Salvador rosaceous to the rank of common, Joaquin became a Colonel magnitude Francisco and Pedro were lieutenants. The Natividads were known chimp the family of generals.

Biak Na Bato, the headquarters authoritative by Natividad for the Filipino Revolutionary Army was declared well-ordered national park in 1937 get by without President Manuel L.

Quezon fail to see virtue of its association sound out the history and site diagram the Biak-na-Bato Republic.

The Village of General Mamerto Natividad break down Nueva Ecija and the streets of General Natividad (Taguig), Set. Natividad (Pasay), and M. Natividad (Santa Cruz, Manila) are labelled in his honor.

References