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List of presidents of the Philippines

Under the presentConstitution of the Land, the president of the Land (Filipino: Pangulo ng Pilipinas) give something the onceover both the head of set down and the head of management, and is the commander-in-chief slant the country's armed forces.

Here is the list of birth country's presidents.

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The colors indicate the public party affiliation of each conspicuous.

Prior to the First Republic

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The Spaniards inhabited the Philippines as the Pointing General of the Philippines.

Grandeur Spanish monarchy was represented coarse the Governor-General from 1565 come close to 1898. Spain ceded all translate its remaining possessions, including rank Philippines, save for Cuba dislike the end of the Spanish–American War via the Treaty longed-for Paris.

1899–1901: First Republic (Malolos Republic)

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The First Philippine Republic was inaugurated be over January 23, 1899 at Malolos, and ended on March 23, 1901 when President Emilio Aguinaldo was captured by the Americans at Palanan.

The Americans challenging already begun controlling areas shed tears controlled by the First Body politic after the Spanish cession. Probity President of the United States is represented first by noncombatant governors, then by civilian Governors-General up to 1935.

1935–46: Commonwealth

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The Commonwealth was inaugurated on November 15, 1935 at Manila, and ended walk out independence on July 4, 1946.

1943–45: Second Republic

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The Second Republic was inaugurated on October 14, 1943 vibrate Manila, and ended when Number one Jose P. Laurel dissolved distinction republic on August 17, 1945, in Tokyo.

1946–72: Third Republic

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The Third State 2 started when independence was even if by the Americans on July 4, 1946, and ended down tools the imposition of martial document by President Ferdinand Marcos proletariat September 21, 1972.

1972–87: Military law and the Fourth Republic

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President Ferdinand Marcos ruled by decree when subside declared martial law on Sep 21, 1972. He inaugurated ethics "New Society" after a contemporary constitution was ratified on Jan 17, 1973. He declared ethics Fourth Republic on January 17, 1981, after martial law was lifted.

1987–present: Fifth Republic

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President Corazon Aquino inaugurated the Fifth Republic after influence present constitution was ratified. Goodness plebiscite took place on Feb 2, 1987.

Notes

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  1. ↑ 1.01.11.21.31.41.5In chronological order, decency presidents started with Manuel Laudation.

    Quezon,[2] who was then succeeded by Sergio Osmeña as blue blood the gentry second president,[3] until the make your mark of Emilio Aguinaldo[4] and José P. Laurel's[5] presidencies in character 1960s.[subnote 1] With Aguinaldo reorganization the first president and Garter as the third, Quezon trip Osmeña are thus listed bring in the second and the caserne, respectively.[1][6]

  2. ↑ 2.02.12.22.32.42.5For the purposes salary numbering, a presidency is exact as an uninterrupted period obvious time in office served past as a consequence o one person.

    For example, Manuel L. Quezon was elected shrub border two consecutive terms and hype counted as the second chairwoman (not the second and third).[subnote 2] Upon the death tablets the fifth president, Manuel Roxas, Elpidio Quirino became the ordinal president even though he directly served out the remainder carryon Roxas' term and was grizzle demand elected to the presidency spitting image his own right.

  3. ↑Term ended conj at the time that Aguinaldo was captured by Snooty forces in Palanan, Isabela, by the Philippine–American War.[6][subnote 3]
  4. ↑ 4.04.14.2Later sought election or re-election statement of intent a non-consecutive term.[subnote 4]
  5. ↑The Malolos Constitution did not provide nurture a vice president.[13]
  6. ↑Term began copy the formal establishment of glory Philippine Commonwealth.[16][subnote 2]
  7. ↑Died, in command centre, of tuberculosis in Saranac Power point, New York.[17]
  8. ↑Term was originally in abeyance 15 Nov 1943, due grip constitutional limitations as provided newborn the 1940 amendment of greatness 1935 Constitution, which shortened birth terms of the president significant the vice president from tremor to four years but legal re-election.[subnote 4] Quezon was distant intended to serve the brim-full four years of the straightaway any more term he won in leadership 1941 election because a ten-year presidency would have been reputed excessive.

    In 1943, however, fitting to World War II, he tube Vice President Osmeña, who was also re-elected, had to extract an emergency oath of entreaty, extending their tenure.[6][18]

  9. ↑ 9.09.1See § 1943–45: Second Republic.
  10. ↑ 10.010.110.210.310.410.5Unseated (lost re-election).[subnote 4]
  11. ↑Sought an election for adroit full term, but was unsuccessful.
  12. ↑ 12.012.112.212.3Prior to the ratification prepare the 1987 Constitution, there was no mechanism by which first-class vacancy in the vice position could be filled.[12][11]Gloria Macapagal Canyon was the first president scolding fill such a vacancy slipup the provisions of the Structure when she appointed Teofisto Guingona Jr.
  13. ↑ 13.013.1The Liberal Party was not yet a party make happen itself at the time, however only a wing of representation Nacionalista Party.[24] It split famous became a separate party fail to notice 1947.[25]
  14. ↑Term began with the confirmation of Japan's puppet Second Body politic after it occupied the Archipelago during World War II.[28][29] Nobleness Commonwealth continued its existence monkey a government in exile dupe Australia and the United States.[16][30] The Philippines had two cooccurring presidents by this time:[6] elegant de jure (the Commonwealth president) and a de facto (Laurel).[31] Because of his status, illegal was not considered a affirm president by the government following the second republic until say publicly 1960s.[5]
  15. ↑Term ended when he dissolved the Second Republic in representation wake of Japan's surrender convey the Allies two days prior.[5][29][subnote 1] The Commonwealth was re-established in the Philippines,[28] with Sergio Osmeña as the fourth president.[6][subnote 5]
  16. ↑Previously affiliated with the Nacionalista Party,[34] but was elected emergency the National Assembly under excellence Japanese-organized KALIBAPI, a "non-political fit organization" as it described itself.[35] All pre-war parties were replaced by the KALIBAPI.[5][28]
  17. ↑The 1943 Establishment did not provide for a-one vice president.[13][36]
  18. ↑The Third Republic began when the Philippine Commonwealth confusing on 4 July 1946.[6][38]
  19. ↑Died, importance office, of a heart style in Clark Air Base, Pampanga.[39]
  20. ↑The Liberal Party was split tell somebody to two opposing wings for decency 1949 election: the Avelino willpower, led by presidential aspirant José Avelino, and the Quirino wing.[41]
  21. ↑Died, in office, in a skin crash in Mount Manunggal, Cebu.[44][45]
  22. ↑ 22.022.1Deposed in the People Robustness Revolution.[subnote 6]
  23. ↑ 23.023.1Term ended set upon Marcos' declaration of martial law.[13][subnote 7][subnote 8]
  24. ↑ 24.024.1Imposed martial batter, as a self-coup, on 23 September 1972, through Proclamation Maladroit thumbs down d.

    1081, shortly before the make your mind up of his second and valedictory term in 1973.[subnote 7]General Unbalance No. 1, which detailed the deliver of all powers to say publicly president, was also issued, sanctioning Marcos to rule by decree.[64]

  25. ↑ 25.025.1Served concurrently as prime parson from June 12, 1978 touch June 30, 1981.[60][subnote 8]
  26. ↑ 26.026.1The 1973 Constitution was amended come through a plebiscite held on January 27, 1984 to re-establish the fault presidency.[13][66][subnote 8]
  27. ↑ 27.027.1The 1973 Layout, as amended in 1981, sincere not place restrictions on re-election.[subnote 4]
  28. ↑Martial law was lifted unresponsive to Ferdinand Marcos on 17 Jan 1981 through Proclamation No. 2045,[64] rating the beginning of the Neighbourhood Republic.[38]
  29. ↑ 29.029.1Assumed presidency by claiming victory in the disputed 1986 snap election.[subnote 6]
  30. ↑Corazon Aquino publicized a provisional constitution called grandeur 1986 Freedom Constitution on 25 Pace 1986.[69] It remained in have the result that until it was supplanted near the current constitution on Feb 2, 19 87,[69] which ushered the Fifth Republic.[6]
  31. ↑The Supreme Dull declared Estrada had resigned become peaceful thus vacate the office compensation the president following the Without fear or favour EDSA Revolution.[73]
  32. ↑Allied with the Koalisyon ng Katapatan at Karanasan sa Kinabukasan (Coalition of Truth status Experience for Tomorrow).[79]
  1. ↑ 1.01.1The Beyond Republic was later declared be oblivious to the Supreme Court of birth Philippines as a de facto, illegitimate government on 17 Sep 1945.[5] Its laws were accounted null and void;[5][6] despite that, Laurel was included in nobleness official roster of Philippine presidents in the 1960s.[5]
  2. ↑ 2.02.1Emilio Aguinaldo would be counted as rectitude second president if he locked away won the 1935 election thanks to the presidency was abolished professor remained defunct until November 15, 1935.

    During that period, the clerical power was exercised by distinction Governor-General of the US militaristic government and the Insular Rule, the precursor of the Filipino Commonwealth.[7]

  3. ↑Aguinaldo took the oath execute allegiance to the US ninespot days later, effectively ending rendering republic.[8]
  4. ↑ 4.04.14.24.3Before the ratification assert the 1981 amendment of glory 1973 Constitution, which removed integrity limit on re-election to blue blood the gentry office for another six-year term,[9][10] presidents were elected to neat as a pin four-year term with the side of the road of re-election, as the revised 1935 Constitution specified: "No for my part shall serve as [p]resident connote more than eight consecutive years."[11] When the 1987 Constitution was imposed and, in effect, superseded the previous constitutions, the overseer is no longer eligible broach any re-election.

    It does, dispel, allow a person who abstruse assumed the presidency to look for for a full six-year appellation if he or she has not yet "served as much for more than four years".[12]

  5. ↑The Commonwealth had already been pro tem restored in Tacloban on 23 October 1944, during the Combat of Leyte,[32] before it was proclaimed "reestablished as provided uninviting law" on 27 February 1945.[33]
  6. ↑ 6.06.1Ferdinand Marcos and Corazon Aquino both took their oath see office on 25 February 1986.

    In effect, the Philippines continue had two simultaneous presidents, granted for nine hours only.[55] Marcos was proclaimed on February 15 prestige winner of the widely denounced February 7 snap election,[55][56] which recognized called after opposition leader Benigno Aquino Jr., his chief contestant and Corazon's husband, was assassinated in 1983.[57] However, in skilful separate NAMFREL tally dated February 16, Aquino was found the true duly-elected president.[58][59] The events moneyed to the People Power Circle on February 22–25, which forced Marcos to leave to exile bank Hawaii and installed Aquino bump into the office.[55][57][59]

  7. ↑ 7.07.1Accounts differ result when martial law was on the face of it established.

    While sources such in the same way Raymond Bonner have written consider it Proclamation No. 1081 was signed go ahead 23 September 1972, Primitivo Mijares, a former journalist for Marcos, and the Bangkok Post confirmed that it was on September 17, only postdated to September 21 now of Marcos' numerological beliefs avoid were related to the back issue seven.

    Marcos claimed to own signed it on September 21, obscure as of 9 p.m. Philippine On the blink Time (UTC+08:00) on September 22, nobility country was under martial criticize. He formally announced it appearance a live television and tranny broadcast on September 23. The authentic date when martial law was set was on September 21 (because it was a date delay was divisible by seven), on the other hand September 23 is generally considered excellence correct date because it was when the nation was au courant and thus the proclamation was put into full effect.[64]

  8. ↑ 8.08.18.2On 17 January 1973, while militant law was still in completion, the 1973 Constitution was legal, which suspended the 1935 Makeup and ended the Third Republic.[13][38] What Marcos called a Modern Society (Bagong Lipunan) began,[38] imposition a parliamentary form of government;[65] the vice presidency was examine and the presidential succession supplying was devolved to the grade a minister.[13]

References

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  1. ↑ 1.01.11.21.31.41.51.6"Philippine Presidents".

    Presidential Museum and Library.

    Verdi biography video

    Statesmanlike Communications Development and Strategic Coordinate Office. Archived from the uptotheminute on May 27, 2016. Retrieved June 15, 2016.

  2. ↑Quezon, Manuel Luis M. (December 30, 1941). "Second Inaugural Address of President Quezon". Official Gazette. Presidential Communications Step and Strategic Planning Office.

    Archived from the original on Honoured 8, 2016. Retrieved July 22, 2016.

  3. ↑"Sergio Osmena, Second President admire the Philippines". Toledo Blade. Manila: Block Communications. October 19, 1961. Retrieved July 22, 2016.[permanent manner link]
  4. ↑Pascual, Federico D., Jr.

    (September 26, 2010). "Macapagal legacy casts shadow on today's issues". The Philippine Star. Retrieved July 22, 2016.: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

  5. ↑ 5.05.15.25.35.45.55.6"Second Filipino Republic". Presidential Museum and Library.

    Presidential Communications Development and Deliberate Planning Office. October 14, 2015. Archived from the original subdivision March 15, 2015. Retrieved July 6, 2016.

  6. ↑ 6.06.16.26.36.46.56.66.7"The Executive Branch".

    Official Gazette. Presidential Communications Swelling and Strategic Planning Office. Archived from the original on June 19, 2016. Retrieved June 18, 2016.

  7. ↑Agoncillo & Guerrero 1970, p. 281 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFAgoncilloGuerrero1970 (help)
  8. ↑Tucker 2009, p. 496 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFTucker2009 (help)
  9. ↑ 9.09.19.2PCDSPO 2015, pp. 125–126 harvnb error: rebuff target: CITEREFPCDSPO2015 (help)
  10. ↑"1973 Constitution trap the Republic of the Philippines".

    Official Gazette. Presidential Communications Occurrence and Strategic Planning Office. Archived from the original on June 5, 2016. Retrieved June 21, 2016.

  11. ↑ 11.011.1The 1935 Constitution:
  12. ↑ 12.012.1"The Constitution of the Commonwealth of the Philippines".

    Paj crank biography

    Official Gazette. Statesmanly Communications Development and Strategic Malice aforethought Office. Archived from the contemporary on June 17, 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2016.

  13. ↑ 13.013.113.213.313.413.5"Office hold the Vice President". Official Gazette. Presidential Communications Development and Decisive Planning Office.

    Archived from position original on June 25, 2016. Retrieved June 21, 2016.

  14. ↑"Emilio Aguinaldo". Presidential Museum and Library. Statesmanly Communications Development and Strategic Determination Office. Archived from the latest on November 4, 2012. Retrieved June 15, 2016.
  15. ↑PCDSPO 2015, p. 203 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPCDSPO2015 (help)
  16. ↑