Eugenia apostol biography channel

Filipino publisher

Eugenia "Eggie" Apostol (born September 29, 1925) is a- Filipino publisher who played crucial roles in the peaceful unsaddle depose of two Philippine presidents: Ferdinand Marcos in 1986 and Carpenter Estrada in 2001. She was awarded the 2006 Ramon Magsaysay Award for Journalism, Literature & Creative Communication Arts.^[1]

Early life

Apostol was born on September 29, 1925, the second child and alternative daughter among eight children allround Fernando Ballesteros Duran, a medical practitioner and member of the Public Assembly, and Vicenta Obsum.^[2] Bolster 1936, when her father was re-elected to the National Meeting, the family moved to Paper, where Apostol attended Holy Shade College (now College of high-mindedness Holy Spirit), where she ready elementary school as valedictorian shamble 1938.

With the Japanese exposй of Manila in 1944, position family returned to Sorsogon. Decide poking through the ruins some their home after the blows for liberation, 18-year-old Apostol was injured by shrapnel when be over unspent bazooka shell exploded. Apostol graduated magna cum laude uncertain the University of Santo Tomas with a Bachelor of Covered entrance in Philosophy and Letters establish 1949.

She wrote a be there for for Commonweal, a national General weekly and copy for Filipino Manufacturing Company (now Procter & Gamble). She married Jose "Peping" Apostol on February 18, 1950.^[2]

Early career

In 1950 Apostol became women's section editor of The Sentinel, a national news weekly, which succeeded Commonweal in 1949 trade in a publication of the Archdiocese of Manila.

The ultraconservative Archbishop of Manila became unhappy carry out liberal views expressed in The Sentinel, at a time considering that the Church was defensive break off criticism from some social sectors about the complicity of probity Church in the unjust self-control structures of Philippine society.

Picture church authorities were not as well pleased as well when interpretation employees of The Sentinel uncontrolled a union with Apostol laugh the union's vice-president. Apostol criticized the archbishop's ban on choreography classes and performances in General schools as well as systematic controversy triggered by the showing of Russian ballet teachers resort to St Scholastica's, a convent institution.

This was the era boss the "Red Scare". Apostol resigned.^[3]

In 1954 Apostol became women's area editor and associate editor take in Sunday Times magazine, the postscript of the country's leading habitual, The Manila Times. She stayed with the Times for watered down years (1954–64), working with both the magazine and the signal.

She found light work clod handling, as editor and man of letters, the traditional women's beat be beneficial to home, fashion, food, and human-interest features, and had a ability for infusing something lively, composed, and innovative into what would otherwise be "canned" and conventional.^[3] In 1964 Apostol moved make it to the Manila Chronicle as editorial writer of its new Sunday nurture Woman and Home.

Woman allow Home was phased out display 1969 but Apostol stayed bring to light with the Chronicle as rewrite man of its expanded Better Living section.^[3]

Apostol claims that it was because her husband was integrity defence secretary's favourite engineer roam she was allowed to inaugurate a woman's magazine at precise time when Ferdinand Marcos was closing down many publications, granted only pro-government titles to practice.

The magazine's publishers, former directorship of the Manila Chronicle, sought-after Apostol's aid in gaining glory intercession of Defence Secretary Juan Ponce Enrile for the approbation of their application to assign. Apostol became editor of depiction Woman's Home Companion, the lid Martial Law women's magazine choose by ballot the Philippines.^[4] Apostol quit Woman's Home Companion in 1975 there launch Mr & Ms journal.

Amongst her shareholders was Christina Ponce Enrile wife of glory Defence Secretary Juan Ponce Enrile. The magazine struggled for violently years before it broke flat due, Apostol says, to top-hole crowded women's magazine market.^[4]

Apostol publicised a series of Mr & Ms supplements authored by Notch Joaquin - re-tellings of Filipino legends and mythology which were later bound as Pop Mythological for Groovy Kids, recognized chimpanzee an important contribution to rectitude history of children's fiction discharge the Philippines.^[2][5]

Politicalization

During the dictatorship racket Ferdinand Marcos, Apostol used rectitude variety magazine as a arena to air anti-government views, print articles that would otherwise wool banned in less independent media.^[6] In December 1982 the Nationwide Intelligence Bureau summoned eight detachment journalists including Apostol for examination at an army camp^[7] - described by outright "intimidation" do without Ceres Doyo, one of greatness women interrogated.^[8] When opposition ruler Benigno Aquino Jr.

was assassinated, Apostol launched a weekly addition to Mr & Ms loyal entirely to anti-Marcos politics, Mr & Ms Special Edition.

Examples of articles published in Mr & Ms viewed as anti-Marcos

These examples were contained in righteousness National Press Club publication The Philippine Press Under Siege Abundance II^[9]

• "The Silencing of Letty Magsanoc" (by Salvador P.

  Lopez, evade 'Freedom of the Press', Mr & Ms, July 28, 1981)

• "The Letty Magsanoc Story" (by Leonor J. Aureus, originally submitted restriction Celebrity magazine but subsequently pulled by the author because deal in censorship. Mr & Ms, Lordly 25, 1981)
• Freedom of the Plead series, Mr & Ms, Grand to October 1981)
• "Transcript: President Marcos responds to Eugenia Apostol's questions about the Magsanoc case", Mr & Ms 1981)
• "Why is High-class Nieva in Jail?" (by Leonor J.

  Aureus, published May 10, 1983)

• "Too Late the Memo (of General Ver)" (by Eugenia Apostol, published February 15, 1983)
• "Jose Rizal Lecture" (by Jose Sensitive. Diokno, delivered at the P.E.N. conference on The Writer lecture in a Climate of Fear July 2, 1983, published by Mr & Ms, July 26, 1983)

Mr & Ms Special Edition

On Honourable 21, 1983, opposition leader Benigno Aquino Jr.

was assassinated go into his arrival from exile steadily the United States. Though influence funeral drew over two fortune people, it was ignored bypass the media. In a transcribed interview, Apostol described her reaction: "Next day, I said: 'What's this? Not a single shot of the funeral in excellence papers, as if nothing happened.' What really got me was the Times Journal - infamous by Benjamin Romualdez, brother have a high regard for Mrs.

Imelda Marcos. What they printed was the photo refreshing the spectator who was knock by lightning — that was their top news!"^[10]

A Time ammunition article that hailed Apostol by reason of an Asian hero, described what she did next: "Apostol fumed. Within days she was make a tabloid version of turn thumbs down on glossy Mr.

& Ms. baptized Mr & Ms Special Number. It had 16 pages illustrate photographs showing Aquino's body, nobility multitudes that came to keep an eye on it, and the massive entombment parade that wound through ethics streets of Manila for apparently 12 hours. The first speed was some half a billion copies, yet it could weep satisfy demand.

In the by months, as momentum built look after the People Power revolution renounce would topple Marcos three age later, Apostol turned the record book into a weekly endeavor, come what may it out from a unworthy office that, for security basis, did not even have ethics publication's name on the door."^[11]

Apostol had instructed her staff close by put out a special write-up on Aquino in the Sep 2, 1983, issue of Mr & Ms as well whilst a "special edition" sixteen-page enclosure about the funeral.

The cultivate sold 750,000 copies and esoteric a significant impact in bedroom public anger at the dictatorship.^[2] She launched the weekly Mr & Ms Special Edition, letter journalist Letty Jimenez Magsanoc monkey editor. The special edition's flag declared its commitment to "justice and reconciliation in the event of the Aquino assassination".^[12] Prestige public response to the forty-page, black-and-white weekly was described significance "phenomenal".

Sales rose from figure hundred thousand to half-a-million copies, numbers unprecedented in the state. The appearance of the manual was a high moment giving the campaign against the Marcos dictatorship in the Philippines. Ferdinand Marcos was toppled by natty popular uprising known as authority People Power Revolution in 1986.^[2]

Philippine Inquirer (weekly)

In February 1985 leadership trial of the military workers accused in the Aquino regicide commenced, conducted by the Sandiganbayan, a special court for personnel of the state.

Apostol launched the Philippine Inquirer, a tabloid-size weekly, on February 4, 1985, with herself as publisher dominant editor-in-chief and a staff pay money for only two writers - Justice Fenix and Candy Quimpo (now Candy Gourlay).^[2][13] Initially focused interchange the trial, it slowly derived all the elements of a-okay regular paper.

Its final vessel came out on December 2, 1985, after the Sandiganbayan composed down its controversial decision acquitting the accused.

Philippine Daily Inquirer

When President Ferdinand Marcos announced pin down November 1985 that a break off presidential election would be reserved in February 1986, Apostol gnome it as an opportunity take a "concerted anti-dictatorship campaign".

Apostol invited some of the country's biggest mass-media publishers to break bread in her home. The division included:

Apostol's goal was consent persuade the group to open a single daily newspaper block time for the election on the other hand the group was largely bored. Undeterred, Apostol pushed ahead live a seed capital of grand million pesos from the gains of Mr & Ms, shoot up the printworks of Betty Go-Belmonte's family.

Apostol originally envisioned calligraphic cooperative-owned newspaper but the pressing of events led to loftiness Philippine Daily Inquirer (PDI) for one person registered as a corporation, get the gist the stipulation that only unchanging employees could own stocks spontaneous the paper. Apostol headed loftiness PDI as chair of honourableness board of management with Betty Go-Belmonte as vice-chair.

The journal started with a staff expend forty in a hundredsquare-meter hq and a circulation of 30 thousand copies limited largely make somebody's acquaintance Metro Manila. Aided by nobleness high excitement surrounding the vote campaign, PDI's growth was rich distinct. Its circulation quickly ballooned approval a peak of half-a-million copies daily.

In just three months after its appearance, it became the leading Philippine broadsheet, history for 22.3 percent of say publicly Metro Manila market, making security the country's number one quotidian in terms of circulation. Insist was so great that control had to be done through five different printers in come up to scratch locations in the city.

Marcos dismissed the Inquirer and goad opposition papers as the "mosquito press". Military plans to trap opposition figures after a Marcos victory were leaked to greatness press. Apostol's name was irate the top of the endow with. Later, Apostol dismissed the foreshadowing, saying, "It was alphabetical."^[2]Juan Frenzy Enrile filed suit against Apostol, alleging that she had entertained funds from Mr & Ms to establish the Inquirer.

Representation suit referred to the wink at of Mr & Ms poorly off to capitalize PDI. Apostol contentious that the loan had antediluvian paid back. The case was dismissed in 1994 but lengthened until the Supreme Court in the long run ruled in Apostol's favor make real 1998.^[2]

In the 1990s the Philippine Daily Inquirer underwent a exert oneself for power - between Apostol and her managers.

Apostol cut all corporate and editorial engagement with the Philippine Daily Inquirer on January 26, 1994, submission from the board and timid from the paper. She evenhanded said to have seen illustriousness battle for corporate control recognize be detrimental to the paper's growth.^[2]

Later career

On January 9, 1996, Apostol founded the Foundation expend Worldwide People Power (later renamed as Eggie Apostol Foundation wealthy 2012),^[14] a non-profit organization homegrown in Pasig with the free from blame to improve facilities and lesson in Philippine public schools, advise books and produce video documentaries about martial law under Ferdinand Marcos, the assassination of Benigno Aquino Jr.

and the Subject Power Revolution titled Duet take to mean EDSA (1996), Batas Militar (1997), Dead Aim: How Marcos Cut off Philippine Democracy (1997), Lakas Sambayanan: People Power (2002), EDSA 1986: Mga Tinig ng Himagsikan (2006) and Beyond Conspiracy: 25 Age After the Aquino's Assassination (2008).

During the presidency of Fidel Ramos, moves were made cheerfulness revise the Philippine Constitution set a limit extend the presidential term swallow office. Apostol published a sixteen-page, tabloid-size satirical weekly called Hu! Ha!, to oppose charter interchange and expose regressive political jus civile \'civil law\'.

The weekly covered the 1998 elections and ran from Sept 20, 1997, to May 16, 1998.

When President Joseph Estrada called for an advertising ban of the Philippine Daily Inquirer and sued Manila Times rework a corruption story, Apostol on standby up the Pinoy Times. Apostol designed it as a general tabloid for the masses, meant in everyday Filipino it attempted to deliver "quality journalism sound out the price, size and brio of a tabloid".

From emblematic initial run of 30,000 copies, its regular five-days-a-week edition vino to a circulation of 170,000 in just eighteen months. Close-fitting weekend Special Edition sold trade in many as half-a-million copies. Greatness paper was met with pod threats, hate mail, and vilification suits from Estrada supporters, who at one point published include imitation tabloid in an begin to undermine the Pinoy Times.

A popular uprising - mask as People Power II - forced Estrada out of govern in 2001. Estrada's departure kink the sales of Pinoy Times into a slump. The sighting closed on December 21, 2001, after two years in circulation.^[15]

Recognition

In the November 2006 issue homework Time magazine (international edition), Apostol and Letty Jimenez Magsanoc were cited thus: "Apostol, now 81, and Magsanoc, in her mid-60s, were not firebrands in their younger days.

Both were veterans of the lipstick beat, scribble for the lifestyle sections expose newspapers. But the assassination tactic Aquino, which sparked [the General public Power Revolution], galvanized Apostol final Magsanoc to break the resident media's complicit silence surrounding Marcos' oppressive rule. In late 1985 they phased out Mr.

& Ms. Special Edition and launched the Philippine Daily Inquirer, trailblazing a brand of hard-hitting, devilish, in-your-face reporting that tested say publicly limits of a dictator's patience and helped Filipinos win their freedom. 'In three months,' says Apostol, 'the Inquirer had call only helped to oust Marcos, it was also making money.' Today, the Inquirer is rank country's largest newspaper and, behaviour sometimes criticized for sensationalism, aid has been unflinching in warmth coverage of government and rank Philippines' uneasy transition to democracy."^[11] Apostol was awarded the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Journalism, Culture & Creative Communication Arts entertain 2006 in recognition of "her courageous example in placing grandeur truth-telling press at the emotions of the struggle for egalitarian rights and better government tag the Philippines".^[16]

References