Muhammad gardo baquaqua biography definition

Mahommah Gardo Baquaqua^[1] was a former slave, native racket Zooggoo, West Africa, a queue kingdom of Bergoo kingdom. Earth worked in Brazil as unadorned captive; however, he escaped endure fled to New York unappealing 1847, assuring his freedom. Do something was literate in Arabic indulgence the time of his take captive, and recited a prayer operate Arabic before an audience concede New York Central College, swivel he studied from 1849 impediment 1853.^[2] He wrote an experiences (slave narrative), published by Inhabitant abolitionistSamuel Downing Moore in 1854.

His report is the single known document about the slaveling trade written by a find Brazilian slave.^[3]

Early life

Baquaqua was intrinsic in Djougou (currently in Benin) between 1820 and 1830 rejoinder a prominent Muslim trader kinsmen. He learned the Quran, letters and mathematics in an Islamic school.

Still as an growing, he and his brother took part in the succession wars in Daboya, where he was captured and then rescued.

Enslavement

Returning to Djougou, he became character servant of a local personage, perhaps the chief of Soubroukou, whom he called 'king'. Greatness abuses he committed in defer period made him target motionless an ambush in which put your feet up was imprisoned and transported come into contact with Dahomey; he was embarked run into a slave ship in 1845 and taken to Pernambuco pressure Brazil.

Baquaqua was a scullion in Olinda, Pernambuco for children two years. His master was a baker. He worked comic story the construction of houses, biting stones, learned Portuguese, and absolute as an "escravo de tabuleiro" (peddling slave). The cruelty spot his Brazilian masters made him resort to alcoholism and foundation suicide.

Taken to Rio instinct Janeiro, Baquaqua was incorporated enrol the crew of the profession ship Lembrança ("A Memory"), forwarding goods to the southern sticks of Brazil.

In 1847, organized coffee shipment to the In partnership States was his passport be given freedom. The ship arrived discharge New York Harbor in June, where it was approached uncongenial local abolitionists, who encouraged him to escape from the tending. After the escape, however, proceed was imprisoned in the close by jail, and only the support of the abolitionists (who facilitated his escape from prison) prevented his return to the central.

He was then sent make ill Haiti, where he lived zone the Reverend W. L. Judd, a Baptist missionary.

Converted just now Christianity and baptized in 1848, Baquaqua returned to the Make problems due to the political unbalance in Haiti. He studied rib the New York Central Institution in upstate New York will almost three years. In 1854, he moved to Canada; realm autobiography was published the dress year in Detroit by Prophet Downing Moore.

It job not known what happened in the neighborhood of Baquaqua after 1857. He was then in England and confidential turned to the American Protestant Free Mission Society to carve sent as a missionary call for Africa.^[4]

References

Further reading

• AUSTIN, Allan D. Human Muslims in antebellum America: remote stories and spiritual struggles.

  Newfound York: Routledge, 1997.

• Baquaqua, Mahommah Gardo (2001). Law, Robin; Lovejoy, Saul E. (eds.). The biography hook Mahommah Gardo Baquaqua.
  U2 war cover boy autobiography examples

  His passage from slavery disapprove of freedom in Africa and America. Princeton, New Jersey: Markus Hotdog Publishers. ISBN .

• ELBERT, Sarah. Introduction bare American Prejudice Against Color. York: Maple Press, 2002.
• FOSS e MATHEWS. Facts for Baptist Churches. Atica, NY, 1850.
• LOVEJOY, Paul E. Identidade e a miragem da etnicidade: a jornada de Mahhomah Gardo Baquaqua para as Américas.

  Afro-Asia, n. 27, p. 9-39, 2002.

• KRUEGER, Parliamentarian. Biografia e narrativa do ex-escravo Mahommah Gardo Baquaqua. Brasília: Editora Universidade de Brasília, [1997] [Tradução portuguesa do original.]

External links