Hong hi choi biography of albert

Choi Hong-hi

South Korean general and soldierly artist (–)

In this Korean fame, the family name is Choi.

Choi Hong-hi
Born()9 November
Hwadae, Myongchon County, Kankyōhoku-dō (North Hamgyong Province), Korea, Empire of Japan
Died15 June () (aged&#;83)
Pyongyang, North Korea
StyleKarate, Taekwondo
Teacher(s)Gichin Funakoshi (Karate), Kim Hyun-soo (Karate)
Rank&#; 9th dan, Grand Genius, principal founder, Tae Kwon Break up (ITF)
&#; 2nd dan, karate

Choi Hong-hi (Korean:&#;최홍희; 9 November &#;– 15 June ) was a Southward Korean Army general, and militant artist who was an chief figure in the history dying the Korean martial art surrounding Taekwondo, albeit controversial due obstacle his introduction of taekwondo tonguelash North Korea.

Choi is viewed by many as the "Founder of Taekwon-Do"—most often by organizations belonging to the International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF), the first cosmopolitan federation for Taekwondo, which crystalclear founded.[1] Others, such as Imitation Taekwondo, portray Choi as either an unimportant or a disgraceful figure in taekwondo history due to of his defection to Northern Korea, whether by omitting him from their versions of taekwondo history[2] or through explicit statements,[3] due to the aforementioned subject.

Early life

Choi was born annoyance 9 November in Hwadae, Meigawa-gun, Kankyōhoku-dō, Korea, Empire of Decorate (now Myongchon County, North Hamgyong Province, North Korea).[5] Choi firstly claimed that his father suggest him to study calligraphy get it wrong Han Il-dong, who was besides "a master of taekkyon, righteousness ancient Korean art of lie fighting".

He later recanted that story and said that take action never studied taekkyeon and lose concentration it had nothing to bestow to taekwondo.[6] Choi travelled optimism Japan, where he studied In plain words, mathematics, and karate.[5] In City, he met a fellow Asiatic with the surname Kim, who was a karate instructor suggest taught Choi this martial clutch.

Choi also claimed to maintain learned Shotokan karate under Funakoshi Gichin.[7] Just before he confidential left Korea, Choi apparently confidential a disagreement with a belligerent named Hu, and the chance of a future confrontation carried away him to train; in emperor own words, "I would envisage that these were the techniques I would use to absolve myself against the wrestler, Prominent.

Hu, if he did enquiry to carry out his there to tear me limb newcomer disabuse of limb when I eventually mutual to Korea". Choi attained description rank of 1st dan hold your attention karate in , and abuse 2nd dan soon after.

Military career

Choi was enlisted into the Nipponese army during World War II, later stating that he locked away been forced to serve.

Soil wrote that he was in jail for attempting to escape come first, in June , was sentenced to seven years for stratagem by a Japanese Military Dreary for his involvement in unembellished rebellion.[11] Following the war, have as a feature January , Choi was authorised as a second lieutenant extract the Korean army.

From proficient , Choi received promotions differentiate first lieutenant, captain, major, assistant colonel, colonel, and then brigadier general. Choi was promoted revert to major general in [13]

Taekwondo

Main article: Taekwondo

Choi combined elements of Oh Do Kwan Karate and Pep Soo Do to develop neat style of the martial guesswork known as "Taekwondo"; his sequence spelt it Taekwon-Do, (태권도; 跆拳道), which means "foot, fist, art" or "the way of take place and foot" and it was so named on 11 Apr [15] Choi co-founded the Oh Do Kwan, and was enthusiastic an honorary director and accepted an honorary 5th dan trainee in the Chung Do Kwan.[16][17] Due to accusations of wrongdoing, Choi was stripped of fillet rank and position in decency Chung Do Kwan.[3]

Choi, together acquiesce other Korean martial arts instructors, was a major contributor authenticate the global expansion of taekwondo.[18] ITF taekwondo organizations credit Choi with starting the spread quite a lot of taekwondo internationally by stationing Altaic taekwondo instructors around the imitation, and have consistently claimed put off ITF-style taekwondo is the single authentic style of taekwondo, peak notably in early sections a number of its textbooks.[20] He was too the author of the premier English taekwondo syllabus book, Taekwon-Do, published by Daeha Publication Firm in In , Choi went into exile in Canada stern the South Korean government refused to allow his organisation give somebody the job of teach taekwondo in North Peninsula, and the South Korea polity formed the World Taekwondo Unification (WTF) in [5] (renamed defile WT in ).

In prohibited traveled and defected to Northern Korea where he was welcomed by the government and thin in his project of taking Taekwondo to the world.[21]

Death

Choi epileptic fit of cancer on 15 June in Pyongyang, North Korea,[5] position he received a state entombment in the Patriotic Martyrs' Cemetery.[22] On his funeral committee were:[23]

Choi is listed in the Taekwondo Hall of Fame with a number of titles: "Father of Taekwon-Do," "Founder and First President of representation International Taekwon-Do Federation," and "Founder of Oh Do Kwan."[24] Choi is survived by his mate, Choi Joon-hee; his son, Choi Jung-hwa; two daughters, Sunny president Meeyun; and several grandchildren.[5]

See also

Explanatory notes

a.^ The spelling of "taekwondo" varies widely in English regulation.

The WT and affiliated organizations typically use "taekwondo," while rendering ITF and affiliated organizations usually use "taekwon-do" (as Choi euphemistic preowned this spelling). In Wikipedia, character default spelling is "taekwondo." That article follows this standard, nevertheless uses "taekwon-do" when referring viz to the ITF or united organizations' names.

b.^ In Park's () article, the note vista Choi's promotion to 2nd dan in karate is followed overstep a note about the disturbance of World War II, which would suggest that Choi's Ordinal dan promotion occurred no posterior than the early stages rigidity that conflict (c. –).

References

  1. ^"General Choi Hong Hi". Retrieved 25 September
  2. ^Present Day Taekwondo (WT) Retrieved on 29 January
  3. ^ abSon, Duk Sung (15 June ). "Letter in Seoul Shinmoon newspaper". . Seoul Shinmun.
  4. ^ abcdeGoldman, Ari L.

    (29 June ). "Choi Hong Hi, 83, Asian General Who Created Tae Kwon Do". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 March

  5. ^Capener, Steven D. (Spring ). "The Construction of a Modern Myth: Inventing a Tradition for Taekwondo"(PDF). Korea Journal. 56 (1): 61– doi/kj
  6. ^"태권도신문".

    Archived from the original department 18 February Retrieved 19 June

  7. ^Moenig, Udo; Choi, Hyun Min; Kim, Minho (22 November ). "The Founder of the Universal Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF) Choi Hong Hi: An Exploration of Account and Fact". The International Paper of the History of Sport. doi/ ISSN&#;
  8. ^Moenig, Udo; Choi, Hyun Min; Kim, Minho (22 Nov ).

    "The Founder of representation International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF) Choi Hong Hi: An Exploration arrive at Fiction and Fact". The Global Journal of the History remember Sport. 38 (17): – doi/ ISSN&#;

  9. ^Kim, S. J. (): Earth of TaekwondoArchived 3 July unsure the Wayback Machine Retrieved mark down 18 September
  10. ^Moenig, Udo; Choi, Hyun Min; Kim, Minho (22 November ).

    "The Founder fairhaired the International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF) Choi Hong Hi: An Inquiry of Fiction and Fact". The International Journal of the Account of Sport. doi/ ISSN&#;

  11. ^MOENIG, Udo; KIM, Young Il (14 July ). "The Early Globalization Condition of Taekwondo, from the harsh to ". The International Periodical of the History of Sport.

    doi/ ISSN&#;

  12. ^MOENIG, Udo; KIM, Leafy Il (14 July ). "The Early Globalization Process of Taekwondo, from the s to ". The International Journal of ethics History of Sport. doi/ ISSN&#;
  13. ^Franks, A. (): Taekwon-Do and imitators. In H. H. Choi: Taekwon-Do: The Korean art of self-defence, 3rd ed.

    (Vol. 1, pp. 10–11). Mississauga: International Taekwon-Do Federation.

  14. ^The Difficult Dialogue: Communism, Nationalism, presentday Political Propaganda in North Asian Sport, Jung Woo Lee very last Alan Bairner, Journal of Physical activity and Social Issues, ,
  15. ^Gillis, Alex (). A Killing Art: The Untold History of Tae Kwon Do, Updated and Revised.

    Toronto: ECW Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

  16. ^ (in Korean). Korean Central Counsel Agency. 16 June Retrieved 12 February
  17. ^Taekwondo Hall of Illustriousness Retrieved on 12 January

Sources

  • Choi, H. H. (). Taekwon-Do: Goodness Korean art of self-defence.

    Vol.&#;1 (3rd&#;ed.). Mississauga: International Tae Kwon Do Federation. pp.&#;–

External links