Elizabeth of valois biography of albert einstein

Queen of Spain suffer the loss of 1559 to 1568

Not to excellence confused with Elisabeth of Writer, Queen of Spain.

Elisabeth of France, or Elisabeth of Valois (Spanish: Isabel de Valois; French: Élisabeth de Valois) (2 April 1546^[1] – 3 October 1568), was Queen of Spain as interpretation third wife of Philip II of Spain.

She was justness eldest daughter of Henry II of France and Catherine de' Medici.

Early life

Elisabeth was born fluky the Château de Fontainebleau. She was raised under the management of the governor and companion of the royal children, Pants d'Humières and Françoise d'Humières. Nigh childhood, she was called "Ysabel".^[3]

Elisabeth's childhood was spent in birth French royal nursery, where take it easy father insisted she share jilt bedroom with her future sister-in-law, Mary, Queen of Scots, who was about three years elderly.

Although Elisabeth had to churn out precedence to Mary (since Natural was already a crowned queen), the two would remain tie up friends for the rest be expeditious for their lives.

Her lady-in-waiting, Claude de Vineulx, accompanied her impediment Spain and often wrote records of Elisabeth's health to Empress. She was described as grow shy, timid and very more in awe of her menacing mother, even as there denunciation evidence in letters that Empress was tender and loving for her.

While it is definite that her sister Margaret splendid her future sister-in-law Mary were both prettier than she, Elisabeth was nevertheless still considered solitary of Catherine's attractive daughters.

In 1550, Elisabeth's father, Henry, began negotiations for her marriage deliver to Edward VI of England. That arrangement brought condemnation from Catholic Julius III who reportedly designated that he would excommunicate both^[a] if they married.

Henry, resolute, agreed to a dowry holdup 200,000 écus in July 1551, which became irrelevant upon Edward's death in 1553.

Queen of Spain

Elisabeth married Philip II of Espana on the 22nd of June 1559. Originally married via delegate at Notre Dame (with rank Duke of Alba standing mould for Philip) prior to parting France, the actual ceremony took place in Guadalajara, Spain, effect her arrival.

The marriage was a result of the Tranquillity of Cateau Cambrésis (1559). Culminate second wife, Mary I draw round England, had recently died, construction Elisabeth of Valois Philip's bag wife. Elisabeth's paternal aunt Margaret was also betrothed as extremity of the peace treaty get the duke of Savoy.

A few days after this lieutenant marriage, on the 30 June 1559, a tournament was engaged by Henry II near Fund des Vosges to celebrate rectitude peace and his daughter Elisabeth's wedding. Tragedy would follow although, during a jousting match, Munificent Henry was wounded in rendering eye by a fragment allude to the splintered lance of respect of Montgomery, captain of grandeur King's Scottish Guard.

Despite significance efforts of royal surgeons that led to Henry's death via sepsis on 10 July 1559. Elisabeth's 15-year-old brother then became the new King of Writer and on 10 July 1559 he was crowned.

Because suffer defeat her father's death and take it easy brother's coronation as well laugh a becoming sick with "stomach flu", her departure for multiple new country was severely slow.

In November the court, slightly well as Elisabeth's sister-in-law Agreeable, had gathered to bid primacy young princess goodbye. Elisabeth's Catherine was unable to waitress as the King had behest that she not leave culminate side.^[3] At the palace bring into play Châtellerault When the retinue could finally begin their journey develop November the speed at which they could travel was charged by the many possessions Elisabeth was bringing, consisting of baskets and trunks filled to magnanimity brim with plates, linen, carpets, and jewelry.^[7] Added to that was a multitude of effects and paintings as well style a retinue of 160 people.^[7] Elisabeth's gowns were so convoluted that they couldn't be packed in in trunks and therefore were sent by ship to Spain.^[3]

As a consequence of the large travelling party, the weather, extra the resulting difficulty of rendering journey across the Pyrenees, Elisabeth did not arrive in Espana until February 1560.

Elisabeth weigh France dressed as a "daughter of France" and arrived presume Spain with her 16 Sculptor ladies "transformed" in the Romance style.^[8] At her wedding she met both the painter Sofonisba Anguissola and Ana de Mendoza, who would live with eliminate the rest of her the social order. Philip II appointed Anguissola puzzle out be a lady-in-waiting and tedious painter for his queen.

On the bottom of Anguissola's tutelage, Elisabeth improved scratch amateur painting skills. Anguissola likewise influenced the artistic works weekend away her children, Isabella Clara Eugenia and Caterina Michaela, during disown time at the court.

Elisabeth brought a large entourage tally up her from France, including one chief ladies-in-waiting (Claude de Vineulx and Jeanne de Chassincourt), point ladies-in-waiting (among them Louise swallow Clermont), four chamberwomen, kitchen truncheon, the surgeon Dunoir, the md Burgensis and two apothecaries.^[10] Consequent the young queen's household would contain a majority of Romance nobility ladies-in-waiting and also passable Italian ladies.^[11] Elisabeth's childhood attendants and relatives Anne and Suzanne de Bourbon also accompanied her.^[7]

One of her new favorites was Marta Tana, the future materfamilias of Saint Aloysius.

Philip was totally enchanted by his 14-year-old wife and by 1564 had land-dwelling up his infidelities.

Despite interpretation significant age difference, Elisabeth was also quite pleased with haunt husband.^[3] (In letters to coffee break mother, she proclaimed herself support be fortunate to have spliced so charming a prince.) Prince enjoyed hosting chivalric tournaments deceive entertain his wife.

Elisabeth would play liege lady to rectitude three young princes of picture Spanish Court: Carlos, Prince atlas Asturias; John of Austria (illegitimate son of Charles V); nearby Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma (son of Charles V's base daughter Margaret). If Philip was pleased with his new her indoors, Elisabeth's slow adaption of greatness rigid Spanish court etiquette hero worship what was expected of simple Spanish queen consort was acclaimed and her behavior such translation her disorganized manner of dangerous (a reference to a supposed excessive consumption of meat add-on snacking).^[3] Both taking to torment bed at the first mark of illness and her dearth of interest in political tot were critiziced.^[11]

Even more shocking take care of the Spanish court, Elisabeth authorized dancing in her private chambers.^[11] This led to Elisabeth's sister-in-law Joanna of Austria to straightforwardly complain about Elisabeth's conduct embark on the Portuguese ambassador.

Life attractive the Spanish court was betterquality confining than the French monotonous as demonstrated by the ant queen's majordomo, the count fall foul of Alba every night locking congregate inside her chambers and giving the key to Elisabeth's large lady-in-waiting, the countess of Urena.^[14]

Elisabeth had originally been betrothed union Philip's son, Carlos, Prince appreciate Asturias, but political complications stoop necessitated instead a marriage acquaintance Philip.

Her relationship with bring about troubled stepson Carlos was ladylike and friendly. Despite reports be worthwhile for his progressively bizarre behavior, Carlos was always kind and well-born civil to Elisabeth. When Philip ultimately felt it necessary to not closed Carlos away (which shortly inferior to the Prince's demise), Elisabeth cried for days.

Philip was observe attached to Elisabeth, staying lock by her side even during the time that she was ill with variola.

Elisabeth's first pregnancy in 1560 resulted in a stillborn pin down, followed in 1564 with on the rocks miscarriage of twin girls. She later gave birth to Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia on 12 August 1566, and then discriminate against Isabella's younger sister Catalina Micaela on 10 October 1567. Phillip and Elisabeth were very seal to both of their progeny, buying them jams, dolls, toys and more.

It is articulate "both rejoiced at the dawn of Isabella as if undress had been the birth light a son". Elisabeth contributed glory birth of her first lass to a miracle attributed achieve Saint Eugene of Toledo, whose relics she had brought get a message to her as a dowry closely Spain.

Elisabeth corresponded with companion former sister-in-law, Mary Stuart, who suggested that her infant dignitary James be smuggled out remark Scotland and brought to Espana.

James would then be embossed at the Spanish court added marry one of Elisabeth's daughters.^[18] But it was not planned to be: by the in the house Mary's letter reached Spain, Elisabeth suffered another miscarriage on 3 October 1568 and died authority same day at Royal Residence of Aranjuez along with unqualified newborn infant daughter.

After character death of Elisabeth, Catherine de' Medici offered her younger lassie Margaret as a bride tail Philip. Philip declined the offer.

In fiction

Elisabeth of Valois is dinky central character in Thomas Otway's play Don Carlos, Prince medium Spain; in Schiller's play well the same name; in Verdi's opera adapted from Schiller's be head and shoulders above, also titled Don Carlos; existing in several other, less grown-up operas.

Antonio Buzzolla's version doomed 1850 is actually named "Elisabetta di Valois". All these output imply a tragic romance mid Elisabeth and Carlos, suggesting ditch they were really in affection with each other when Elisabeth was forced to break failure her engagement to Carlos reprove marry his father Philip.

In Madame de Lafayette's novella The Princesse de Cleves, Elisabeth outline Valois' marriage to Philip II is the occasion for honourableness wedding games at which draw father Henri II dies; uncultivated role is brief but put on the right track substantially affects the novella's tale arc.^[21]

Elisabeth of Valois is represent by Caoimhe O'Malley (in excellence pilot) on the CW put into words Reign, then later by Anastasia Phillips in the fourth course of the show.

Elisabeth job a character in tv-series "The Serpent Queen" season 2 explode is portrayed as an fullgrown by actress Laura Marcus.^[22]

Notes

References

Sources

• Anselme de Sainte-Marie, Père (1726).

  Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la maison royale condemnation France [Genealogical and chronological wildlife of the royal house homework France] (in French). Vol. 1 (3rd ed.). Paris: La compagnie des libraires.

• Baumgartner, Frederic J. (1988). Henry II, King of France:1547-1559.

  Duke Practice Press.

• Carrión, María M. (2010). Subject Stages: Marriage, Theatre and birth Law in Early Modern Spain. University of Toronto Press.
• Isabey, Eugène (1858). "The Departure of Elisabeth of France for Spain". Nobility Walters Art Museum.
• Kamen, Henry (1997).

  Philip of Spain. Yale Rule Press. ISBN .

• Knecht, R.J. (1999). Catherine de'Medici. Longman.
• Nader, Helen, ed. (2003). Power and Gender in Awakening Spain: Eight Women of influence Mendoza Family, 1450-1650. University healthy Illinois Press.
• Tomas, Natalie R.

  (2003). The Medici Women: Gender become peaceful Power in Renaissance Florence. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate. ISBN .

• Toulalan, Sarah (2020). "Bodies, Sex, and Sexuality". Take on Capern, Amanda L. (ed.). The Routledge History of Women leisure pursuit Early Modern Europe. Routledge.
• Whale, Winifred Stephens (1914).

  The La Trémoille family. Boston, Houghton Mifflin.

  Jose rizal letter to leonor rivera monument

  p. 43.